LINC00115 promotes chemoresistant breast cancer stem-like cell stemness and metastasis through SETDB1/PLK3/HIF1α signaling.

BACKGROUND: Cancer stem-like cell is a key barrier for therapeutic resistance and metastasis in various cancers, including breast cancer, yet the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Through a genome-wide lncRNA expression profiling, we identified that LINC00115 is robustly upregulated in chemoresistant breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs). METHODS: LncRNA microarray assay was performed to document abundance changes of lncRNAs in paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant MDA-MB-231 BCSC (ALDH+) and non-BCSC (ALDH-). RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to determine the binding proteins of LINC00115. The clinical significance of the LINC00115 pathway was examined in TNBC metastatic lymph node tissues. The biological function of LINC00115 was investigated through gain- and loss-of-function studies. The molecular mechanism was explored through RNA sequencing, mass spectrometry, and the CRISPR/Cas9-knockout system. The therapeutic potential of LINC00115 was examined through xenograft animal models. RESULTS: LINC00115 functions as a scaffold lncRNA to link SETDB1 and PLK3, leading to enhanced SETDB1 methylation of PLK3 at both K106 and K200 in drug-resistant BCSC. PLK3 methylation decreases PLK3 phosphorylation of HIF1α and thereby increases HIF1α stability. HIF1α, in turn, upregulates ALKBH5 to reduce m6A modification of LINC00115, resulting in attenuated degradation of YTHDF2-dependent m6A-modified RNA and enhanced LINC00115 stability. Thus, this positive feedback loop provokes BCSC phenotypes and enhances chemoresistance and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. SETDB1 inhibitor TTD-IN with LINC00115 ASO sensitizes PTX-resistant cell response to chemotherapy in a xenograft animal model. Correlative expression of LINC00115, methylation PLK3, SETDB1, and HIF1α are prognostic for clinical triple-negative breast cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings uncover LINC00115 as a critical regulator of BCSC and highlight targeting LINC00115 and SETDB1 as a potential therapeutic strategy for chemotherapeutic resistant breast cancer.

Full Spatial Characterization of Entangled Structured Photons.

Vector modes are fully polarized modes of light with spatially varying polarization distributions, and they have found widespread use in numerous applications such as microscopy, metrology, optical trapping, nanophotonics, and communications. The entanglement of such modes has attracted significant interest, and it has been shown to have tremendous potential in expanding existing applications and enabling new ones. However, due to the complex spatially varying polarization structure of entangled vector modes (EVMs), a complete entanglement characterization of these modes remains challenging and time consuming. Here, we have used a time-tagging event camera to demonstrate the ability to completely characterize the entanglement of EVMs. Leveraging the camera's capacity to provide independent measurements for each pixel, we simultaneously characterize the entanglement of approximately 2.6×10^{6} modes between a bipartite EVM through measuring only 16 observables in polarization. We reveal that EVMs can naturally generate various polarization-entangled Bell states. This achievement is an important milestone in high-dimensional entanglement characterization of structured light, and it could significantly impact the implementation of related quantum technologies. The potential applications of this technique are extensive, and it could pave the way for advancements in quantum communication, quantum imaging, and other areas where structured entangled photons play a crucial role.

Toward the Achievable Rate-Distortion Bound of VVC Intra Coding: A Beam Search-Based Joint Optimization Scheme.

In this paper, we present the first attempt at determining where the achievable rate-distortion (R-D) performance bound in versatile video coding (VVC) intra coding is when considering the mutual dependency in the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) process. In particular, the abundant search space of encoding parameters in VVC intra coding is practically explored with a beam search-based joint rate-distortion optimization (BSJRDO) scheme. As such, the partitioning, prediction and transform decisions are jointly optimized across different coding units (CUs) with a customized search subset instead of the full space. To make the beam search process implementation-friendly for VVC, the dependencies among the CUs are truncated at different depths. To facilitate finer computational scalability, the beam size is flexibly adjusted based on the characteristics of the CUs, such that the operational points that satisfy different complexity demands for diverse applications can be practically obtained. The proposed BSJRDO approach, which fully conforms to the VVC decoding syntax, can serve as both the way toward the optimal RDO bound and a practical performance-boosting solution. BSJRDO is further implemented on a VVC coding platform (VVC Test model (VTM) 12.0), and extensive experiments show that BSJRDO can achieve 1.30% and 3.22% bit rate savings compared to the VTM anchor under the common test condition and low-bit-rate coding scenarios, respectively. Moreover, the performance gain can also be flexibly customized with different computational overheads.

Effects of Perilla Seed Meal on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism of Wenchang Breeder Hens.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding perilla seed meal (PSM) to the diet on reproductive performance, egg quality, yolk fatty acids, antioxidant capacity and liver lipid metabolism in breeding hens. A total of 192 31-week-old yellow-feathered hens were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 8 birds for 8 weeks. The chickens were fed a typical corn-soybean meal diet containing 0% (control), 0.3%, 0.6%, and 1% PSM. The results showed that PSM can change the productivity of laying hens. Adding 0.6% PSM to the feed reduced the mortality rate of chickens. Adding 1% PSM improved the fertilization rate and hatching rate of chickens. Regarding egg quality, the albumen height and Haugh unit were improved in the 0.6% PSM group. The content of MUFAs and PUFAs in the egg yolk was increased in all the PSM groups, while SFAs were only increased in the 0.6% PSM group. Among the indicators related to lipid metabolism, serum GLU decreased in all the PSM groups. The 0.6% PSM group had a reduction in serum and liver TG, as well as reductions in serum LDL-C and ALT. The same results were observed for the abdominal fat percentage in the 0.6% PSM group. Liver lipid metabolism-associated gene expression of FAS and LXRα was decreased in all the PSM groups, and the mRNA expression of ACC and SREBP-1c was significantly reduced in the 0.6% PSM group. HE staining showed that the vacuoles in the liver tissue gradually decreased with increasing PSM doses, especially the 1% PSM dose. Lipid droplets with a similar trend were observed using Oil Red O staining. In the results of the antioxidant capacity test, the serum T-AOC was increased in the 0.6% and 1% PSM groups, and the SOD in both the serum and liver was significantly increased in all the PSM groups. The expression of antioxidant-related genes such as Nrf2, NQO-1, HO-1, CAT and GSH-Px was significantly upregulated in the 1% PSM group. In conclusion, the PSM diet improved the lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of breeding hens. PSM reduces mortality and improves fertilization and hatchability in the late laying period of chickens, resulting in greater benefits. We recommend adding 0.6% PSM to layer feed, which improves the physical condition of the hens and brings higher economic benefits.

Catalytic degradation of crystal violet and methyl orange in heterogeneous Fenton-like processes.

Metals-loaded (Fe3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) activated carbons (M@AC) with different loading ratios (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 5% and 10%) were prepared and employed for catalytic degradation of dye model compounds (crystal violet (CV) and methyl orange (MO)) in wastewater by heterogeneous Fenton-like technique. Compared with Cu@AC and Zn@AC, 0.5% Fe3+ loaded AC (0.5Fe@AC) had better catalytic activity for dyes degradation. The effects of dyes initial concentration, catalyst dosage, pH and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) volume on the catalytic degradation process were investigated. Cyclic performance, stability of 0.5Fe@AC and iron leaching were explored. Degradation kinetics were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order model (Langmuir-Hinshelwood). Almost complete decolorization (99.7%) of 400 mg L-1 CV was achieved after 30 min reaction under the conditions of CV volume (30 mL), catalyst dosage (0.05 g), H2O2 volume (1 mL) and pH (7.7). Decolorization of MO reached 98.2% under the same conditions. The abilities of pyrolysis char (PC) of dyeing sludge (DS) and metal loaded carbon to remove dye pollutants were compared. The intermediate products were analyzed and the possible degradation pathway was proposed. This study provided an insight into catalytic degradation of triphenylmethane- and aromatic azo-based substances, and utilization of sludge char.

Intensity interferometry for holography with quantum and classical light.

As first demonstrated by Hanbury Brown and Twiss, it is possible to observe interference between independent light sources by measuring correlations in their intensities rather than their amplitudes. In this work, we apply this concept of intensity interferometry to holography. We combine a signal beam with a reference and measure their intensity cross-correlations using a time-tagging single-photon camera. These correlations reveal an interference pattern from which we reconstruct the signal wavefront in both intensity and phase. We demonstrate the principle with classical and quantum light, including a single photon. Since the signal and reference do not need to be phase-stable nor from the same light source, this technique can be used to generate holograms of self-luminous or remote objects using a local reference, thus opening the door to new holography applications.

Targeting TRIM24 promotes neuroblastoma differentiation and decreases tumorigenicity via LSD1/CoREST complex.

PURPOSE: High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) still has an unfavorable prognosis and inducing NB differentiation is a potential strategy in clinical treatment, yet underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Here we identify TRIM24 as an important regulator of NB differentiation. METHODS: Multiple datasets and clinical specimens were analyzed to define the role of TRIM24 in NB. The effects of TRIM24 on differentiation and growth of NB were determined by cell morphology, spheres formation, soft agar assay, and subcutaneous xenograft in nude mice. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR were used to identify genes and pathways involved. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation were used to explore the interaction of proteins. RESULTS: Trim24 is highly expressed in spontaneous NB in TH-MYCN transgenic mice and clinical NB specimens. It is associated with poor NB differentiation and unfavorable prognostic. Knockout of TRIM24 in neuroblastoma cells promotes cell differentiation, reduces cell stemness, and inhibits colony formation in soft agar and subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Mechanistically, TRIM24 knockout alters genes and pathways related to neural differentiation and development by suppressing LSD1/CoREST complex formation. Besides, TRIM24 knockout activates the retinoic acid pathway. Targeting TRIM24 in combination with retinoic acid (RA) synergistically promotes NB cell differentiation and inhibits cell viability. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that TRIM24 is critical for NB differentiation and suggest that TRIM24 is a promising therapeutic target in combination with RA in NB differentiation therapy.

Germline Neurofibromin 1 mutation enhances the anti-tumour immune response and decreases juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia tumourigenicity.

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML) is an aggressive paediatric leukaemia characterized by mutations in five canonical RAS pathway genes, including the NF1 gene. JMML is driven by germline NF1 gene mutations, with additional somatic aberrations resulting in the NF1 biallelic inactivation, leading to disease progression. Germline mutations in the NF1 gene alone primarily cause benign neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) tumours rather than malignant JMML, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that with reduced NF1 gene dose, immune cells are promoted in anti-tumour immune response. Comparing the biological properties of JMML and NF1 patients, we found that not only JMML but also NF1 patients driven by NF1 mutations could increase monocytes generation. But monocytes cannot further malignant development in NF1 patients. Utilizing haematopoietic and macrophage differentiation from iPSCs, we revealed that NF1 mutations or knockout (KO) recapitulated the classical haematopoietic pathological features of JMML with reduced NF1 gene dose. NF1 mutations or KO promoted the proliferation and immune function of NK cells and iMacs derived from iPSCs. Moreover, NF1-mutated iNKs had a high capacity to kill NF1-KO iMacs. NF1-mutated or KO iNKs administration delayed leukaemia progression in a xenograft animal model. Our findings demonstrate that germline NF1 mutations alone cannot directly drive JMML development and suggest a potential cell immunotherapy for JMML patients.

Phytosterols Alleviate Hyperlipidemia by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Cholesterol Metabolism in Mice.

Phytosterols (PS) have been shown to regulate cholesterol metabolism and alleviate hyperlipidemia (HLP), but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which PS regulates cholesterol metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. The results showed that PS treatment reduced the accumulation of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the serum of HFD mice, while increasing the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Compared with HFD mice, PS not only increased the antioxidant activity of the liver but also regulated the mRNA expression levels of enzymes and receptors related to cholesterol metabolism. The hypolipidemic effect of PS was abolished by antibiotic (Abx) intervention and reproduced by fecal transplantation (FMT) intervention. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that PS modulated the gut microbiota of mice. PS reduced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and other bile salt hydrolase- (BSH-) producing gut microbiota in HFD mice, which are potentially related to cholesterol metabolism. These findings partially explain the mechanisms by which PS regulates cholesterol metabolism. This implies that regulation of the gut microbiota would be a potential target for the treatment of HLP.

All fabric and flexible wearable sensors for simultaneous sweat metabolite detection and high-efficiency collection.

Wearable sweat electrochemical sensors have attracted wide attention due to their advantages of non-invasive, portable, real-time monitoring, etc. However, existing sensors still have some problems with efficient sweat collection. Microfluidic channel technology and electrospinning technology are commonly used to collect sweat efficiently, but there are some limitations such as complex channel design and multiple spinning parameters. Besides, existing sensors are mostly based on flexible polymers, such as, PET, PDMS, PI and PI, which have limited wearability and permeability. Based on the above, all fabric and dual-function flexible wearable sweat electrochemical sensor is proposed in this paper. This sensor uses fabric as the raw material to implement the directional transport of sweat and the multi-component integrated detection dual functions. Meanwhile, the high-efficiency collection of sweat is obtained by a Janus fabric, wherein one side of the selected silk is superhydrophobic graft treated and the other side is hydrophilic plasma treated. Therefore, the resulting Janus fabric can effectively transfer sweat from the skin side to the electrode, and the minimum sweat droplet can reach 0.2 µL to achieve micro-volume collection. Besides, the patterned sensor, made of silk-based carbon cloth, is fabricated using a simple laser engraving, which could detect Na+, pH, and glucose instantaneously. As a result, these proposed sensors can achieve good sensing performance and high-efficiency sweat collection dual functionality; moreover, it has good flexibility and comfortable wearability.

Co-pyrolysis of dyeing sludge and pine sawdust in a fluidized bed: Characterization and analysis of pyrolytic products and investigation of synergetic effects.

Co-pyrolysis of dyeing sludge (DS) and pine sawdust (PS) was carried out in a fluidized bed pyrolyser. The results revealed that addition of PS increased the yields of condensate and gas, and dramatically improved pore structure of co-pyrolysis char, enhancing immobilization of the metals, nutrient and pollution elements. Catalysts (Na-ZSM-5 and HZSM-5) significantly reduced tar and coke, strengthened the integrity of pore structure. Yield of nitrogen-containing compounds declined sharply from 88.66% to 8.14% when 25% of PS was added. Addition of 50% PS promoted ring opening to generate chain compounds and abundant oxygenates (such as ketones, aldehydes and carboxylic acids) in pyrolysis oil (PO) at 650 °C. Correspondingly, yield of gaseous products was inhibited except CO2 and H2 when PS content was dominant. The catalysts greatly increased yield of gaseous products by enhancing primary and secondary cracking depending on different feedstocks and catalysts (e.g., DS over Na-ZSM-5 and PS over HZSM-5). The maximum energy efficiency (69.75%) was obtained at 650 °C when 75% PS was added.

Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum fermented Shenling Baizhu San on gut microbiota, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier function of yellow-plumed broilers.

The current study focused on the effects of Shenling Baizhu San (SLBZS) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on gut microbiota, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier function of yellow-plumed broilers. Our results showed that the content of ginsenoside Rb1 was the highest when SLBZS were inoculated with 3% L. plantarum and fermented at 28°C for 24 h. One-day-old male broilers were divided into five treatment groups. Treatment consisted of a basal diet as a control (Con), 0.1% unfermented SLBZS (U-SLBZS), 0.05% fermented SLBZS (F-SLBZS-L), 0.1% fermented SLBZS (F-SLBZS-M), and 0.2% fermented SLBZS (F-SLBZS-H). On days 14, 28, and 42, six chickens from each group were randomly selected for blood collection and tissue sampling. The results showed that the addition of 0.1% fermented SLBZS could significantly increase average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG), and decrease feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers. The addition of 0.1 and 0.2% fermented SLBZS significantly increased the lymphoid organ index of broilers on day 28 and 42. The addition of 0.1 and 0.2% fermented SLBZS could improve the antioxidant capacity of broilers. Moreover, the addition of 0.1 and 0.2% fermented SLBZS could significantly increase the villus height/crypt depth of the ileum, and significantly increase the expression of tight junction. In addition, fermentation of SLBZS increase the abundance of Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium and Bilophila in the gut of broilers. These results indicate that the supplementation of fermented SLBZS in the diet could improve the growth performance, lymphoid organ index, antioxidant capacity, and positively affect the intestinal health of broilers.

Snapshot hyperspectral imaging with quantum correlated photons.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has a wide range of applications from environmental monitoring to biotechnology. Conventional snapshot HSI techniques generally require a trade-off between spatial and spectral resolution and are thus limited in their ability to achieve high resolutions in both simultaneously. Most techniques are also resource inefficient with most of the photons lost through spectral filtering. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle snapshot HSI technique utilizing the strong spectro-temporal correlations inherent in entangled photons using a modified quantum ghost spectroscopy system, where the target is directly imaged with one photon and the spectral information gained through ghost spectroscopy from the partner photon. As only a few rows of pixels near the edge of the camera are used for the spectrometer, effectively no spatial resolution is sacrificed for spectral. Also since no spectral filtering is required, all photons contribute to the HSI process making the technique much more resource efficient.

Qing Fei Hua Xian Decoction ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress through balancing ACE-AngII-AT1R/ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the preventative effect of Qing Fei Hua Xian Decoction (QFHXD) against pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and its potential mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Bleomycin (BLM)-induced rats were respectively treated with 413.3, 826.6, and 1239.9 mg/kg of QFHXD and prednisone for 28 days. The lung tissues of rats were collected on day 28 for histological and western blotting analysis. Results: QFHXD significantly reduced alveolus inflammation, collagen accumulation, and fibrosis deposition in BLM-induced PF rats (P<0.05). Collagen I and III, vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) expression levels were likewise decreased in PF rats treated with QFHXD (P<0.05). Additionally, QFHXD increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) while decreasing NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression (P<0.05). Furthermore, QFHXD suppressed the PF progression by down-regulating Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) -Angiotensin II (AngII) -Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor (AT1R) axis (P<0.01) and up-regulating Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) -Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) -Mas axis (P<0.05). Conclusion: QFHXD suppressed inflammatory infiltration and PF brought on by BLM in lung tissues through reducing oxidative stress by maintaining the equilibrium of ACE-AngII-AT1R and ACE2-Ang-(1-7) -Mas axes. This study may provide a novel clinical therapy option for PF.

Characterisation of a single photon event camera for quantum imaging.

We show a simple yet effective method that can be used to characterize the per pixel quantum efficiency and temporal resolution of a single photon event camera for quantum imaging applications. Utilizing photon pairs generated through spontaneous parametric down-conversion, the detection efficiency of each pixel, and the temporal resolution of the system, are extracted through coincidence measurements. We use this method to evaluate the TPX3CAM, with appended image intensifier, and measure an average efficiency of [Formula: see text]% and a temporal resolution of 7.3 ns. Furthermore, this technique reveals important error mechanisms that can occur in post-processing. We expect that this technique, and elements therein, will be useful to characterise other quantum imaging systems.

Experimental realisations of the fractional Schrödinger equation in the temporal domain.

The fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE)-a natural extension of the standard Schrödinger equation-is the basis of fractional quantum mechanics. It can be obtained by replacing the kinetic-energy operator with a fractional derivative. Here, we report the experimental realisation of an optical FSE for femtosecond laser pulses in the temporal domain. Programmable holograms and the single-shot measurement technique are respectively used to emulate a Lévy waveguide and to reconstruct the amplitude and phase of the pulses. Varying the Lévy index of the FSE and the initial pulse, the temporal dynamics is observed in diverse forms, including solitary, splitting and merging pulses, double Airy modes, and "rain-like" multi-pulse patterns. Furthermore, the transmission of input pulses carrying a fractional phase exhibits a "fractional-phase protection" effect through a regular (non-fractional) material. The experimentally generated fractional time-domain pulses offer the potential for designing optical signal-processing schemes.

Targeting ARHGEF12 promotes neuroblastoma differentiation, MYCN degradation, and reduces tumorigenicity.

PURPOSE: Neuroblastoma arises from developmental block of embryonic neural crest cells and is one of the most common and deadly pediatric tumors. However, the mechanism underlying this block is still unclear. Here, we show that targeting Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 (ARHGEF12, also named LARG) promotes MYCN degradation and neuroblastoma differentiation, leading to reduced neuroblastoma malignancy. METHODS: The neuroblastoma TARGET dataset was downloaded to assess ARHGEF12 expression. Cell differentiation, proliferation, colony formation and cell migration analyses were performed to investigate the effects of ARHGEF12 knockdown on neuroblastoma cells. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were employed to determine protein expression. Animal xenograft models were used to investigate antitumor effects after ARHGEF12 knockdown or treatment with the ARHGEF12 inhibitor Y16 in vivo. RESULTS: We found that the expression level of ARHGEF12 was higher in neuroblastoma than in better-differentiated ganglioneuroblastoma. Knockdown of ARHGEF12 promoted neuroblastoma differentiation, decreased stemness-related gene expression, and increased differentiation-related gene expression. ARHGEF12 knockdown reduced tumor growth, and the resulting tumors showed bigger tumor cells compared to those in control neuroblastoma xenografts. In addition, it was found that ARHGEF12 knockdown promoted MYCN ubiquitination and degradation in MYCN-amplified tumors through RhoA/ROCK/GSK3ß signaling. Targeting ARHGEF12 with the small molecular inhibitor Y16 induced cell differentiation and attenuated neuroblastoma tumorigenicity. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide new insight into the mechanism by which ARHGEF12 regulates neuroblastoma tumorigenicity and suggest a translatable therapeutic approach by targeting ARHGEF12 with a small molecular inhibitor.

Effects of dietary Chinese herbal mixtures on productive performance, egg quality, immune status, caecal and offspring meconial microbiota of Wenchang breeder hens.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chinese herbal mixtures (CHMs) on productive performance, egg quality, immune status, anti-apoptosis ability, caecal microbiota, and offspring meconial microbiota in hens. A total of 168 thirty-week-old Wenchang breeder hens were randomly divided into two groups, with each group comprising six replicate pens of fourteen hens. The groups were fed a basal diet (CON group) and a basal diet with 1,000 mg/kg CHMs (CHMs group) for 10 weeks. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with CHMs increased the laying rate, average egg weight, hatch of fertile, and offspring chicks' weight while concurrently reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and embryo mortality (p < 0.05). The addition of CHMs resulted in significant improvements in various egg quality parameters, including eggshell strength, albumen height, haugh unit, and the content of docosatetraenoic acid (C20:4n-6) in egg yolk (p < 0.05). The supplementation of CHMs had a greater concentration of IgA and IgG while decreasing the content of IL-6 in serum compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). Addition of CHMs to the diet increased the expression of Bcl-2 and IL-4 in liver and ovary, decreased the expression of IL-1ß, Bax, and Caspase-8 in jejunum and ovary, and decreased the expression of NF-κB in liver, jejunum, and ovary (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary CHMs reduced the abundance of Desulfovibrio in caecal microbiota as well as decreased the abundance of Staphylococcaceae_Staphylococcus and Pseudomonadaceae_Pseudomonas in the offspring meconial microbiota (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the CHMs could improve productive parameters by enhancing immune status, anti-apoptosis capacity, and modulating the caecal microbiota of Wenchang breeder hens, as well as maintaining the intestinal health of the offspring chicks.

The effect of pterostilbene and its active ingredients on experimental pulmonary fibrosis in asthma: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease caused by a variety of factors. Aim: To systematically evaluate the therapeutic effect of pterostilbene (PTE) on experimental PF in asthma and other oxidative damage pathway-related diseases, and to provide evidence for clinical treatment. Material and methods: Chinese and English databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CBM were searched by computer. The Chinese literature on pterostilbene for the treatment of asthma by evaluating experimental pulmonary fibrosis, diabetes, and myocardial infarction was collected from the establishment of a randomized controlled trial until May 2021.Outcome indicators include related physical and chemical indicators such as MDA and SOD. Data were analysed using Review Manager 5.4 software after screening by 2 researchers. Results: Seven randomized controlled animal experiments were included, with a total sample size of 62 cases. Meta-analysis results showed the following: 1) compared with pulmonary fibrosis, diabetes and other model groups, the pterostilbene intervention group were able to up-regulate SOD, and the effect was better than that of the model group (MD = 20.87, 95% CI: 19.41-22.33; n = 7, I 2 = 96%); the pterostilbene intervention group could also up-regulate the expression of GSH, and its effect was better than that of the model group (MD = 9.37, 95% CI: 8.67-10.07; n = 2, I 2 = 98%). The MDA level of the intervention group was significantly down regulated, and the intervention group was also better than the model group. Pterostilbene can prevent experimental PF by lowering the level of MDA. Conclusions: Pterostilbene can effectively improve experimental pulmonary fibrosis, diabetes, myocardial infarction, and other oxidative damage pathway-related diseases have certain guiding significance for clinical trials on asthma.